Rivers West by Louis L´Amour Essay - 1489 Words

Louis L’Amour was born Louis Dearborn LaMoore on March 22, 1908 as the last of seven children. His father and mother are Dr. Louis Charles LaMoore and Emily Dearborn LaMoore, for the first fifteen years of his life Louis lived in Jamestown, North Dakota; a medium sized farming community in the valley where Pipestem Creek flows into the James River. His grandfather, Abraham Truman Dearborn, told Louis stories of battles in history and his own personal experiences as a soldier. As a child Louis spent a great deal of time in a nearby library where his eldest sister, Edna, was a librarian, he was interested in the study of History and always went beyond the scope that was taught in the schools. In addition to the study of History and Natural†¦show more content†¦In the years after leaving Jamestown Louis spent some time as a professional boxer. He was taught well by his father and older brothers and ended up making some extra money from the occasional prizefight. Though h e left school at an early grade Louis had a thirst for knowledge. Throughout his life Louis went to libraries and bookstores all over the world, anywhere he could find. Louis always wanted to write but in his earlier days he thought his writing would take the form of poetry. He struggled for years to craft writings without much teaching except his own knowledge. Eventually, he broke out into a number of little magazines and began placing poems regularly, Poetry, however did not pay very well so he started writing short stories that drew on his life experience, finally, he sold a short story called â€Å"Anything for a Pal† to a pulp magazine called True Gang Life. He made less than eight dollars but he took that as a sign and devoted his time to writing for the pulps. In 1937 he sold a short story called â€Å"Gloves for a Tiger† to Thrilling Adventures Magazine and after this other sales followed quickly. Although he wrote in several genres, Louis’ most financi ally successful stories were the adventure tales he wrote about the captain of a tramp freighter and his crew. Late in the summer of 1942 Louis was inducted into the US army, after his discharge he returned to the US to find that the marketShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Rivers West By Louis L Amour2483 Words   |  10 PagesLouis L’Amour, author of â€Å"Rivers West† and many other famous books and short stories, was born in Jamestown North Dakota March 22, 1908. L’Amour was an indifferent student and dropped out of school at the age of 15. The next two decades L’Amour traveled the world and held many different jobs, he was a lumberjack, an elephant trainer, a miner, and during World War 2 he served as an officer in the tanks corps in Europe. It was not till he came back from World War 2 that he decided to be a writer andRead MoreSwiss Chocolate19949 Words   |  80 Pages1519 and he immediately establishes in the name of Spain a cocoa plantation wher e, henceforth, money will be cultivated. He was the first to introduce cocoa and the utensils in Europe. Then in 1615, The Spanish princess Anna of Austria marries Louis XIII and introduces, amongst other Spanish customs, the drinking of chocolate at the French court. London s first chocolate shop is opened by a Frenchman in 1657. In 1671 A clumsy kitchen-boys drops a bowlful of almonds on the floor. The angry chefRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesdifference from the other term of the dichotomy, signifier. A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY xv tinet prefers to call it, lexeme) work and the grammatical moneme -ing (Chapter I, Section 9). Commutation, a concept the author borrows from the Danish linguist Louis Hjelmslev (Prolegomena to a Theory of Language, translated by Francis J. Whitfield. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1961, pp. 73-75), is a relation between a correlation in one plane . . . and a correlation in the other plane of language

Women Rulers 1601 - 1700

The Works of William Shakespeare Essay - 1429 Words

The Works of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is customary regarded to be the finest dramatist the world has ever seen and the greatest poet who has created his plays in the English language. Besides, Shakespeare has been the world’s most famous author. No other writer’s works have been published so many times or read so broadly in so many places. Shakespeare knew human nature as few other writers have. He could notice in a particular dramatic case the qualities that refer to all human beings. He could thus produce characters that have notion beyond the time and place of his works. Yet, his characters are not symbolic people. They are prominent individual human beings. They strive just as people do in real situations,†¦show more content†¦In the main tragedies that follow, Shakespeare’s practice cannot be rationed to a single general phrase that covers all situations, for each tragedy refers to a separate type: revenge tragedy in â€Å"Hamlet†, domestic tragedy in â€Å"Othello†, social tragedy in â€Å"King Lear† and so on. Shakespeare changed the drama, widening the audience’s concept of human life and changed the language. His writings, then as now, addressed to a great audience. They reveal both a fundamental knowledge of literature and a deep sympathy with the language and conduct of the ordinary man. The discerning commercial dramatist and the extraordinary gifted artist cannot be divided. William Shakespeare coped with the difficult plot of â€Å"Hamlet† perfectly. In this production, he also produced maybe his greatest gallery of characters. The role of Hamlet is thought to be one of the theatre’s outstanding acting challenges. Shakespeare concentrated the play on the profound conflict between the requirements of his emotions and the irresolute skepticism of his mind. Hamlet displays this conflict in some familiar and brilliant soliloquies. The nature of Hamlet’s character is rather difficult. He is, at the same time, affectionate and cruel, loving and vengeful, a deeply reflective introvert and a man who can act on impulse. In accordance with Ophelia, Hamlet has the signs of an ideal person. By nature, Hamlet is straightforward and honest. Even Claudius commends this side of his character: He,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Works Of Shakespeare1126 Words   |  5 Pagesback story of the author himself; William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born April 26, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, which is located in the United Kingdom. Even though his goals were to become an actor, he fell into writing and become one of the most well-known writers in his life. There s a lot of controversy surrounding Shakespeare and there s many people who believe that he, himself did not write his famous plays, sonnets, and poems. In his lifetime, Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays, five longRead MoreThe Life and Works of William Shakespeare 2100 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare was born the third child and the first son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. It is estimated that he was born on April 22 or 23 of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and he died on April 23 of 1616. For that reason it is typically said that his birthday was also on April 23(Lee 8). He married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. William Shakespeare was a man of many talents who wrote numerous pieces in his lifetime. He wrote comedies, histories, tragedies, and romances. ShakespeareRead More Essay on Religion in the Works of William Shakespeare1720 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in the Works of Shakespeare       The purpose of this essay is to explore the religious nature of William Shakespeares plays. This essay covers three topics surrounding Shakespeares work: the religious climate of 16th Century England, Shakespeares upbringing (school, parents, Stratford itself), and a brief introduction into the impact his society and upbringing had upon his work.    I. THE RELIGIOUS CLIMATE OF 16TH CENTURY ENGLAND    In order to understand the religiousRead More William Shakespeare and His Works Essay3349 Words   |  14 Pages William Shakespeare, the figure to whom the most influential works of literature in history are credited, was born in April of 1564 (the exact date is approximated as April 23rd, also the date given as his death fifty-two years later) in Stratford, England to John and Mary Shakespeare. He grew up in relatively middle-class surroundings, attending grammar school and studying Latin, logic, and literature, from which he graduated to marry a woman by the name of Anne Hathaway. With Hathaway he hadRead MoreEssay on The Moor in the Works of William Shakespeare4150 Words   |  17 PagesThe Sources and Representations of the Moor in the Works of Shakespeare      Ã‚  Ã‚   One theme consistently reemployed throughout Shakespeares plays is that of the Other. The Other is usually characterized as a character that is somehow separated, stigmatized, or noted as being different from the mainstream ideal. For the Elizabethan England of Shakespeares time, it may have been a self-defensive maneuver against the encroachment of something which threatened too close to home (Bartels 450). BryantRead MoreThe Works Of William Shakespeare And Sir Philip Sidney1446 Words   |  6 PagesItalian Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso, and, later, Torquato Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata (1581), Spenser could not have written his heroic, or epic, poem The Faerie Queene. The corpus of Spenser can be discussed in the context of the works of William Shakespeare and Sir Philip Sidney. The three share an influence in the same popular Renaissance literary genre, Pastoral, which can be depicted as an idealized vision of a simpler, rural life and a longing f or a lost world of innocence. Much happenedRead More Women as Instigators of Tragedy in the Works of William Shakespeare1219 Words   |  5 PagesWomen as Instigators of Tragedy in the Works of Shakespeare    It is the very error of the moon; She comes more nearer earth than she was wont, And makes men mad. (Othello 5.2.112-14)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The moon is often seen in literature as an allegory for love, virtue, and chastity. In Shakespeares comedies, especially, the moon is personified as Diana, the Roman goddess of chastity. In these comedies, the foolish antics of lovers (literally, lunatics) usually occur underRead MoreThe Works Of William Shakespeare s Beethoven 1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many fine examples of his quality of work in this period. However, his one opera would have to be at the top of the list. Fidelio was the only opera Beethoven wrote. Not only was it his only opera, but he rewrote it three times with at least â€Å"four different overtures† (Hanning 378). If this does not show Beethoven’s quality is his work then what does? He wanted this opera to be absolutely perfect, and it was fantastic! Not only were the music and words great, but Beethoven made sure toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Work Transcends Time1092 Words   |   5 Pagesof their literary work. During the Elizabethan time period, William Shakespeare began his remarkable career as a playwright changing/impacting blank. William Shakespeare’s life and work transcends time because of their relative relatability. William Shakespeare’s childhood was privileged in some ways. In â€Å"William Shakespeare; Life of Drama,† a documentary produced by by Rod Caird, Shakespeare was christened on April 26th in the year 1564. According to the website â€Å"Shakespeare of Stratford† publishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Works Of Miguel De Cervantes1783 Words   |  8 Pageshad lived through, but he did not let this experience kill him. Thirty two years later, on the same day England mourned the loss of William Shakespeare, Cervantes finally passed away. Within these thirty two years Spain had grown to adore Cervantes and celebrate him as Spain’s most beloved novelist. Like any other artist, Cervantes’ life experiences influenced his works which had earned such great success in Spain during his lifetime and even greater success many more centuries onward. The popular

Misuse of Religion - 1720 Words

MISUSE OF RELIGION December 14th, 2006 And an old priest said, Speak to us of Religion, And he said: Have I spoken this day of aught else? Is not religion all deeds and all reflection, And that which is neither deed nor reflection, but a wonder and surprise ever springing in the soul, even while the hands hew the stone of tend the loom? Who can separate his faith from his action, or his belief from his occupations? Who can spread his hours before him, saying, This for God and this for myself; This for my soul, and this other for my body? --Kahlil Gibran As our civilization reaches its peak, it s obvious that it was created to destroy itself. Our past is the biggest proof of this theory.†¦show more content†¦They therefore sacrificed beautiful virgins to the various gods. Did it work? They thought that it did. If they didn t, they wouldn t have continued doing it for so long. This was sunrise of our civilization, but still, it was a brutal way of implementing an old kind of religion. Many years later, the general public opinion is that we have overcome this barbarism, but have we? Later, when Christianity came along, it was still assumed that God was up there in Heaven. Christianity was new religion, and in time, it was accepted by most of the people in the Old World. Christianity became a very powerful and very important aspect of everyday life. Moreover, Christians turned the church into a powerful political, economic and social institution. The church had the power to rule the mob, to collect taxes and to make l aw in the name of God. Furthermore, they gave the pope full veto authority over all decisions of the church council, so the council became men of straw. In one word, they became puppets. All powerful institutions always have opponents. It was just matter of time. To protect the church s interests, all people who didn t obey the rules or didn t pay taxes were prosecuted. For this reason, member of the Roman Catholic Church made a tribunal, called the Inquisition, for the discovery and punishment of heretics. They punished all non-believers and scholars who made controversial progress in science. Most of those people were innocent, butShow MoreRelatedReligion vs. Science859 Words   |  4 PagesBrianna Pace Mr. Jetter English 12P 18 October 2010 Religion Vs Science In many aspects of life, science and religion are shown to disagree with each other; Science focuses on logic and reason while religion relies solely on faith and the belief of a higher power. Both have advantages as well as disadvantages. Some advantages and disadvantages of religion are that you obtain eternal life, spiritual support and guidance, and be a better person through morals and values. With these advantagesRead More Alcohol Misuse1603 Words   |  7 Pagesis alcohol misuse. Alcohol is one of the popular and legally available drugs. Alcohol misuse is using alcohol in such a way that it causes harm to user and to those close to him/her - physically, psychologically and socially. The writer will explore the impact of alcohol on the individual and the community and policy on alcohol, whiles critically evaluating the role of the nurse and the effectiveness of the policy. First, it is important to know the underlying causes of Alcohol misuse. These areRead MoreAnalysis of Langston Hughes Goodbye Christ1447 Words   |  6 PagesApart from his apparent disgust for the desolate life that the African Americans were subjected to, Langston Hughes also portrays an evident mistrust of religion, not necessarily towards religion itself but particularly towards those individuals who use religion as a cloak to conceal their true duplicitous and oppressive nature. In arguably he’s most controversial poem, Goodbye Christ; Langston Hughes takes on the role of a disillusioned Christian and repudiates the doctrines set forth in AmericaRead MoreInterpersonal Theory Of Suicide And Suicide1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthat PTSD has a unique relationship to adolescent suicidal behaviour which cannot be linked with depression or gender. Substance misuse Substance misuse increases the risk of suicide attempt and death by suicide. The risk associated with opioid use disorders and mixed intravenous drug use is greater than that for alcohol misuse. The risk of suicide from alcohol misuse is greater among women than among men. Substance abuse is a growing problem among the adolescent population and is another factorRead MoreUmayyad vs Abbasid Dynasties872 Words   |  4 PagesUmayyad vs. Abbasid Dynasties In the rise and spreading of the Islam religion, there were many dynasties that were similar and different in their own way. The Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties can be compared: culturally, through religious tolerations and cultural blending; politically, through bureaucracy and misuse of government powers; and economically, through trade and advancements of technology. Culturally through religious toleration and cultural blending, the Umayyad and Abbasid dynastiesRead MoreArguement Analysis on Cultural Appropriation597 Words   |  3 PagesIndians and imitate Indian religion, then they should have the freedom to do so† (Tsosie 310). The fight for the right of ownership of cultural rights and property is not only intellectual but political as well. For many years, ethnic groups, especially Native Americans, have been in the fight to have returned what was originally them. They also argue that the portrayal of their culture in movies promote stereotypes about them within society (Tsosie 301). People misuse their clothing, symbols, andRead MoreConceited Judgment and the Pitfall of Pride1298 Words   |  5 PagesIn both of Flannery O’ Connor’s short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People,† there is a central theme about the negative effects of trusting one’s own judgment too r eadily, as well as using religion to manipulate people. It is easy to see multiple connections to this theme in the two short stories, although the specific events themselves are different. For instance, Hulga from â€Å"Good Country People† believes her intelligence allows her to see people’s true character, butRead MoreCultural Appropriation : A Celebration Of Indian Culture950 Words   |  4 Pagesshe can be seen performing provocative dance moves and riding elephants. Iggy’s attempt to incorporate lude dance moves and pelvic thrusting into traditional Indian dancing is yet another example of misusing someone’s culture. Not only is this a misuse of culture, but it is also inaccurate, as many marriages in India are arranged marriages, and therefore this kind of provocative dancing would not be seen in Indian culture . Additionally, riding elephants is not a common mode of transportation, andRead MoreSocial Evil1517 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual l evel: the media, business institutions and the government were criticised for being dishonest and selfserving. Participants often associated this issue with a decline of religion and the loss of Christianity as a foundation for ethical behaviour in Britain, although other participants identified religion itself as a social evil, that causes confusion and conflict. The decline of the family Family breakdown and poor parenting were said to underlie many other social problems and to leaveRead Moreâ€Å"Thou Camst on Earth to Make the Earth My Hell†: Richard as a Satanic Hero in Richard III by William Shakespeare1142 Words   |  5 Pagesheroic traits. Richard is a clever and inspiring orator as he is a brave and bold warrior. Despite having these conventional heroic traits, Richard is portrayed as a true satanic hero through his corruption of what society views as sacred: love, religion, loyalty, and ultimately himself. Similar to Satan, Richard yearns to exploit what he is restrained from, such as romantic love and marriage. He is deprived of these privileges due to his deformed appearance, and for that reason, he seeks to demoralize

A Brief History Of The Internet Origins Free Essays

By default, any definitive history of the Internet must be short, since the Internet (in one form or another) has only been in existence for less than 30 years. The first iteration of the Internet was launched in 1971 with a public showing in early 1972. This first network, known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was very primitive by today’s standards, but a milestone in computer communications. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief History Of The Internet Origins or any similar topic only for you Order Now ARPANET was based upon the design concepts of Larry Roberts (MIT) and was fleshed out at the first ACM symposium, held in Gaithersburg, TN in 1966, although RFPs weren’t sent out until mid 1968. The Department of Defense in 1969 commissioned ARPANET, and the first node was created at the University of California in Los Angeles, running on a Honeywell DDP-516 mini-computer. The second node was established at Stanford University and launched on October first of the same year. On November 1, 1969, the third node was located at the University of California, Santa Barbara and the fourth was opened at the University of Utah in December. By 1971 15 nodes were linked including BBN, CMU, CWRU, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, MIT, NASA/Ames, RAND, SDC, SRI and UIU(C). In that same year, Larry Roberts created the first email management program. As a side note, Ray Tomlinson is the person who established the â€Å"@† sign as a domain/host designator from his Model 33 Teletype. The first international connection to ARPANET is established when the University College of London is connected in 1973, and RFC-454 â€Å"File Transfer Protocol† was published. 1973 was also the year that Dr. Robert Metcalf’s doctoral thesis outlined the specifications for Ethernet. The theory was tested on Xerox PARCs computers. 974 saw the launch of TELNET public packet data service. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol) was developed at ATT Bell Labs in 1976, and distributed with UNIX the following year. 1978 saw the split of TCP into TCP and IP. In 1979 the first MUD (Multi-User Domain) was created by Dr. Richard Bartle and Roy Trubshaw from the University of Essex, and was the foundation for multi-player games (among other things). This event marked the gradual decline of productivity over the Internet. In 1981 a cooperative network between CUNY (City University of New York) and Yale was established. This network was called BITNET (Because It’s There NETwork) and was designed to provide electronic mail transfer and list serve services between the two institutions. RFC-801 â€Å"NCP/TCP Transition Plan† was published that same year. It was because of the growing interconnectivity of new networks that the phrase â€Å"Internet† was coined in 1982, and the Department of Defense also declared TCP/IP to be its defacto standard. The first name server was developed in 1983 at the University of Wisconsin, allowing users to access systems without having to know the exact path to the server. 1983 also saw the transition from NCP to TCP/IP, and it was at this same time that ARPANET was split into ARPANET and MILNET. 68 of the current 113 existing nodes were assigned to MILNET. It was also in 1983 that a San Francisco programmer, Tom Jennings wrote the first FidoNet Bulletin Board System, which was capable of allowing both email and message passing over the Internet between networked BBSs by 1988. In 1984, the number of hosts on the Internet broke 1000, and DNS (Domain Name Services) was introduced. Moderated newsgroups also made their first appearance this year, although it would be almost a year and a half before NNTP (Network New Transfer Protocol) would be introduced. In 1985, the WELL (Whole Earth ‘Lectronic Link) was launched out of Sausalito California, allowing San Francisco Bay Area users free access to the Internet. The Internet had grown so fast, and to such large proportions by this time that some control was needed to oversee its expansion, so in 1986, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) came into existence under the IAB. 1988 Saw the advent of IRC (Internet Relay Chat), developed by Jarkko Oikarinen, and it can be safely assumed that the first â€Å"Hot Chat† took place very shortly afterwards. By 1989 the number of Internet hosts had capped 100,000, and the first commercial Internet mail service was created by MCI. In 1990, ARPANET was finally closed down and ceased to exist. Two other notable events this year include the release of ARCHIE by Peter Deutsch, Alan Emtage, and Bill Heelan at McGill, and the first remotely controlled machine to be linked to the Internet; a toaster (controlled by SNMP). 1991 was the year what WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers), was released by Brewster Kahle, of Thinking Machines Corporation; Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill released Gopher from the University of Minnesota, and most notably, World-Wide Web was released by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN. By 1992 the number of hosts on the Internet had exceeded 1,000,000 and the first MBONE audio multicast was made. In 1993 InternNIC was created by, the National Science Foundation (NSF). InterNIC provided a centralized organization for domain name registration, and continues to regulate that function today. As the great, unwashed hordes began to flood into the Internet, it was only natural that vendors would soon follow. So in 1995, the first Internet based â€Å"shopping mall† was opened on the World Wide Web. It was also in this year that the World Wide Web edged out FTP as the most popular service on the Internet. In 1995, Compuserve, America Online and Prodigy opened up Internet access portals, and hundreds of thousands of commercial users flooded into what had previously been the private domain of veteran computer users. The average IQ dropped dramatically at this point. Since 1995, some of the new and/or emerging technologies have included Server Push, Multicasting, Streaming Media, E-Commerce, ASP and XML. Although the Internet started out of military necessity, it is doubtful that its creators could envision its impact, not only on the American culture or the world in general, but on the future of the human race. The Internet will continue to grow and evolve in the years to come, becoming an indispensable channel of communication and a catalyst for human evolution. 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Market Environment Analysis Open Family

Question: Discuss about theMarket Environment Analysisfor Open Family. Answer: Industry Overview and Service Description The company, Open Family is an old organization that is into operations for more than 30 years. It was established in the year 1978. The company was founded in Melbourne and since then it has increased its area of operation in the entire country. The organization has various services and primarily it is focused to improve the condition of youth in Australia (Cavalcante Ulhoi, 2011). The company has various community development programs. The website of the company says: For more than 30 years, Open Family Australia has been providing a range of Outreach services to young people experiencing high complex needs The age group of the client of Open Family is the age group of 12 to 25 years. Over 80% of these young people are in this situation due to family break down or family conflict (Walker, 2011). This issue goes across all socio-economic groups and may result in homelessness, criminal activity, drug abuse, mental health problems and disengagement from school or employment. The industry segment in which Open Australia operates is a niche industry. Most of the players that operate in this industry are government organization or government sponsored organization. The industry is not highly competitive in nature and most of the players in the industry would depend on funds received from various corporations (Reidenbach Robin, 2013). This is the reason that the organization like Open Australia would often conduct the fund raising events. In fact, it is believed that close to 25% of the funding for the organization in this industry segment comes from corporate gifts and grants. It is expected that the funding from corporate gifts and grants would increase further for Open Australia and other organizations in this industry segment. A snapshot of the funding of Open Australia for the year 2012 can be shown as: Source: https://www.openfamily.com.au/images/Infographics/HowWeAreFunded2012.jpg The various local governments could be considered as the major players in this industry segment. There are various organizations in Australia that provides alcohol and drug control service. In December 2011, Open Family Australia merged with like-minded youth organization, Whitelion. In the seven months since, both organizations have worked to come together with a particular focus on achieving efficiencies in back office areas such as finance, HR, marketing and fundraising. There are various other organizations in the industry that are the direct competitors of the company. However, the nature of the industry suggests that different players in the market should collaborate together to deliver maximum benefits to consumers (Lin, 2016). The organizations operating in this industry segment would often work under the guidance of the strategies and policies developed by the government at the national and at the state level. It is expected that various players in the private sector would c ontinue to provide the funding to the organizations in this industry so that the life of the Australian youth could improve. Companys Micro and Macro Environment It would be correct to say that the macro environment factors and the microenvironment factors are critical elements for any business. Typically, it is the combination of macro environmental factors and microenvironment factors that would be the basis of the future strategy of the organization (Leeuwis Aarts, 2011). The macro environment and microenvironment factors that affects the business operations of Open Family can be discussed as: Macro Environment Factors The macro environment factors are the factors that would usually impact the industry as a whole. The key macro environment factors for Open Family can be discussed as: Political and Legal: The political and legal factors are key macro environment factors. The political and legal factors are positive for the organizations that work for the social cause. The government of Australia has always supported the organizations in this industry segment. It is expected that the government would continue to support the firms like Open Family that take the steps to help Australian youth (Lin, 2016). Social: The society of Australia has always encouraged the people and organizations to come forward and to help others. It is expected that the social factors would remain positive in this sector. The youth of Australia that takes the wrong way need the support of people and the Australian society is willing to help the youth. Economical: The operations of the organizations operating in this industry would depend a lot on the available funding. The funding would in turn depend on the economic factors. The corporations and people would be ready to fund more when the economic conditions of the country are strong. Technological: The technological factors would ensure that the operations are optimized and the youth get the help in an effective and efficient manner. The key technological factors that have affected the operations of the firms like Open family would include the Information Systems like ERP (Employee Resource Planning) products. Cultural: The cultural factors are a key support function for the organizations like Open Family. Australia is a developed country and the society of the country is an open society. In general, Australians have a helping culture and people are ready to help other. People are especially willing to help the youth of the country. Microenvironment Factors Unlike macro economic factors, the microeconomic directly impact the firm. The microeconomic could be considered as the factors that are specific to any firm or the factors that are internal for the firm. The key microeconomic factors for Open Family can be discussed as: Suppliers: Open Family has a number of suppliers that helps the organizations for various products and materials. However, most of the suppliers are the partners of the company that provides funding to the organization (Minichilli, 2012). It is expected that the suppliers or the partners would continue to have a critical role in the growth and development of Open Family. Public/ Society at large: It appears that the public and society is one of the key stakeholders for Open Family. The public sentiments and the perception of the people in the society also have a direct impact on the operations of the company (Kaufmann, 2013). The public and especially the youth of the country is one of the most important microeconomic factors for the business operations of Open Family. Employees: It would be correct to say that the success of the company depends a lot on the performance of the employees. The management of Open Family believes that employees are one of the biggest assets for the organization (Vaccaro Jansen, 2012). Employees influence the organizational strategies and policies of Open Family. Intermediaries: There are various intermediaries that affect the business operations of the company. These intermediaries include the organizations in private and public sector. Some of these intermediaries are the small firms that help Open Family to arrange fund raising events (Minichilli, 2012). The intermediaries may not be a critical or important microeconomic factor, as intermediaries do not affect the business operations of the company in a direct manner. Market Segmentation One of the basic or the first step of any marketing activity is market segmentation. The targeting and the positioning strategy follow the market segmentation. Simply defined, Market segmentation is the process of dividing a broad consumer or business market, normally consisting of existing and potential customers, into sub-groups of consumers (known as segments) based on some type of shared characteristics (Flint Woodruff, 2012). There are various basis or factors of segmentation. The key factors of market segmentation are demographics, income level, geographic, psychographic and behavioral. The variables involved in the type of segmentation can be discussed as: Segmentation basis Segmentation Type Variables involved Consumer market Geographic Region, population growth rate Consumer market Demographic Age, ethnicity, gender, income, family status, education, nationality Consumer market Psychographic Values, perception, attitude, lifestyle, activities Consumer market Behavioral Brand loyalty, consumer preferences, usage rate Business market Type of Customer Value chain of industry, product lifecycle, size of organization, type of industry Business market Buying behavior Suppliers involved, order size, usage patterns Open Family use combination of more than one segmentation variable to do the segmentation. The two key segmentation variables used by Open Family are demographic and psychographic (Carlsen Andersson, 2010). The segmentation variable for Open Family can be shown as: Demographic Age, ethnicity, gender, income, family status, education, nationality Psychographic Values, perception, attitude, lifestyle, activities Open Family has defined the values for each of the segmentation variables. It helps the organization to put a boundary around is targeted audience and this in turn enables Open Family to have effective targeting strategy in place. The detailed segmentation for Open Family based on the above segmentation variables can be discussed as: Segmentation Variable Volume Age 12 to 25 years Ethnicity Australian (geographic) Gender Male Female Income Low income group and Mid income group Education Low Values Perception These are the people that are mainly low on self-esteem. These are the people who believe that nothing is good in the life. Based on above analysis, the four segments that Open Family should consider for targeting are: Marketing Segmentation Attributes Teenage (Male Female) Age 12 to 18 years Youth (Male Female) Age 18 to 24 years Low Income family group Parents with monthly average income of less than $500 Less educated family group Parents with educational qualification less than graduation The above basis of market segmentation enables Open Family to set a basis of the targeting and the positioning strategy. The market segmentation enables Open Family to divide the target audience into number of groups. The management of Open Family realizes that different targeting groups can have different expectation (Kumar Zia, 2016). Therefore, it is important that the organization addresses the expectations of these groups individually. For example, the perception and the expectations of the youth group that does not have home would be different that the perception and the expectations of the youth group that is alcoholic and under the influence of drugs. It would be correct to say that the market segmentation acts as the basis for management of Open family to reach out to Australian youth. The entire philosophy of segmentation, targeting and positioning can be shown as: Market Targeting and Consumer Profile Once the segmentation is done, the next thing in line is targeting. Simply defined, Targeting or target marketing entails deciding which potential customer segments the company will focus on. The entire objective of targeting is to increase the relevance for brands. With effective targeting strategy, Open Family would be able to develop good rapport with its customer base. The targeting strategy would be a way forward for the company to reach out to consumers. One of the key and widely used targeting strategies for Open Family is to increase the reach through awareness (Schlegelmilch, 2016). The company has invested a lot to increase the awareness level of Australian youth. The company has run several programs with the objective to establish better connection with Australian youth. It is important and it is recommended that Open Family should also have a dedicated targeting strategy based on social media. The social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook is the fastest way to reac h out to consumers and it is suggested that Open Family should increase its presence over these networks to target the potential users in the market. Based on the above discussion, one of the targeting profile for Open Family can be discussed as: Marketing Segmentation Attributes Teenage (Male Female) Age 12 to 18 years This is the group that is prone to drug use or any other addiction. Therefore, it is important to increase the information and education level of people as soon as they enter the teen stage. Differentiation and Positioning The segmentation and the positioning act as the basis of differentiation or positioning. Simply defined, positioning refers to the place that a brand occupies in the mind of the customer and how it is distinguished from products from competitors. Primarily, it is about "the place a brand occupies in the mind of its target audience". Positioning is now a regular marketing activity or strategy. Different brands and the organizations in the industry can have different positioning strategy (Knutsen Brock, 2014). Open family uses the positioning strategy of reliability to reach out to consumers. The organization has created a niche in the market with its positioning strategy for reliability. It is expected that the company would continue to improve its position in the market. It is also important that Open Family should also create focus on core competency or competitive advantage through its differentiation or positioning strategy. Generally the differentiation could be achieved as prod uct differentiation or cost leadership. It is important that Open Family should develop a service differentiation through its reliable services. Open Family believes that its customers should be the advocates of the company (Wright Sturdy, 2012). It means that the youth of the country should spread the word about the various programs that are conducted by Open family. Conclusion The above paper discusses the market environment analysis for Open Family. The organization has various services and primarily it is focused to improve the condition of youth in Australia. The company has run several programs with the objective to establish better connection with Australian youth and it is expected that the company would continue to have a great impact on Australian youth. With the above discussion it can be said that the organization should consider both internal and external factors before developing or before implementing any organizational strategy. The macro economic factors would be mainly external in nature and micro economic factors would be mainly internal in nature. The above paper also discusses the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy of organization. The segmentation and the positioning act as the basis of differentiation or positioning. It is recommended that Open Family should use segmentation, targeting and positioning as the basis of the marketing mix. There are four key elements of marketing mix. These are product, price, place and promotion. It is recommended that these elements of marketing mix should be based on the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies. References Carlsen, J., Andersson, T. D., Ali-Knight, J., Jaeger, K., Taylor, R. (2010). Festival management innovation and failure.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,1(2), 120-131. Cavalcante, S., Kesting, P., Ulhoi, J. (2011). Business model dynamics and innovation:(re) establishing the missing linkages.Management Decision,49(8), 1327-1342. Denizer, C., Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A. (2013). Good countries or good projects? Macro and micro correlates of World Bank project performance.Journal of Development Economics,105, 288-302. Minichilli, A., Zattoni, A., Nielsen, S., Huse, M. (2012). Board task performance: An exploration of micro?and macro?level determinants of board effectiveness.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(2), 193-215. Flint, D., Woodruff, R. and Gardial, S. (2012). Exploring the Phenomenon of Customers Desired Value Change in a Business-to-Business Context.Journal of Marketing, 66(4), pp.102-117. Knutsen, W., Brock, K. (2014). Introductory essay: From a closed system to an open system: A parallel critical review of the intellectual trajectories of publicness and nonprofitness.Voluntas: International Journal Of Voluntary Nonprofit Organizations, 25(5), 1113-1131 Kumar, N.S. and Zia, M., 2016. A Three Dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model: Implications for Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning.Targeting and Positioning (April 3, 2016). Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2758430 Leeuwis, C., Aarts, N. (2011). Rethinking communication in innovation processes: creating space for change in complex systems.Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,17(1), 21-36. Lin, M. H., Hu, J., Tseng, M. L., Chiu, A. S., Lin, C. (2016). Sustainable development in technological and vocational higher education: Balanced scorecard measures with uncertainty. Journal of Cleaner Production. Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 63-82). Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-26279-6_4 Reidenbach, R.E. and Robin, D.P., 2013. Some Initial Steps Toward Improving the Measurement of Ethical Evaluations of Marketing Activities. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 315-328). Springer Netherlands. Walker, R. M., Damanpour, F., Devece, C. A. (2011). Management innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of performance management. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(2), 367-386. Wright, C., Sturdy, A., Wylie, N. (2012). Management innovation through standardization: Consultants as standardizers of organizational practice. Research Policy, 41(3), 652-662. Vaccaro, I. G., Jansen, J. J., Van Den Bosch, F. A., Volberda, H. W. (2012). Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size. Journal of Management Studies, 49(1), 28-51.

Nursing Research Management

Question: Write an essay focusing on the role of nursing in the implementation of the steps of the model in translating evidence into practice. Answer: The effect of Evidence based Practice Models has resonated in the nursing practice, education and science. Such practices include education, practice adoption and curricular realignment; scientific engagement in the field of research and development of a national research network to stud improvement (Stevens, K., 2013).These are ways to provide a nurses care which is guided by the addition of the best reliable scientific knowledge with the expertise of a nurse. The study requires scientific data and research evidence and to apply top quality intervention for their nursing models practices (B, 2015) The various types of evidence based practice models include The IOWA model, The John Hopkins evidence based practice model, The Stetler Model, the Caledonian development Model, The ACE Star model and the Evidence based practice model for staff nurses. The Stetlar Model is a practitioner- oriented model for Evidence based Nursing Practices today. Marram and Stetlar first developed the Stetlar model in 1976 and then refined in 1994 with a set of assumptions and conceptual underpinnings. The model was further modified based on a related utilization concentrated integrative review methodology, targeted proof concepts , and continuing experience through application of the model with clinical professional nurse. The revised model continues to focus on a series of judgemental activities about the desirability, appropriateness, practicability and manner of using research findings in an individuals or group operation (CB, 2015). The model provides a relationship between research use and evidence informed practice which is not the same. Conjugating both of them enhances the overall application of the research. Research use occurs in three forms: Instrumental use: This derives to the concreted directly applied knowledge. Conceptual use: This occurs when the used research alters the understanding or the way an individual thinks about an issue. Symbolic Use or Political/ strategic use: This occurs when information is made use to explain a policy or a decision, or impact behaviour and thinking of others. These diff. kinds of can happen together and can be affected by more than one element at the independent level. The model observed takes on the motive that the users domestic characteristics and outer environmental factors, effective use of knowledge The Stetlar Model is formed on the assumptions lying underneath: The traditional community may not be or maybe involved in a singular use of research or other verification. Applications may be conceptual and /or symbolic/strategic, instrumental. Internal and external factors can affect a person or groups review and use of proof. Investigation and assessment does not provide absolutes but possible results. The Model is comprised of five phases (Stetler, 2010) Phase I: Preparation: The relevant related sources and the purpose of consulting evidence should be indentified and the important factors should be recognized. Phase II Validation: The resources found should be correctly assessed; even a methodically weak resource can be useful if it is properly assessed. Phase II Comparative Evaluation/ Decision Making: The cumulative findings should be synthesized which can used to make a decision. Here if the finding cannot be used the nurse can conduct her own research. Phase IV Translation:A proposal for practice change can be made and strategies can be created a planned change and conventional dissemination. Phase V Evaluation: This can either be formal or informal and both formative and summative evaluations should be included. The model uses prescriptive approach but is complicated and may be difficult for some nurses for interpretation. It uses its five phases considering the know factors of the study and a final evaluation of actual use in practice. Some weaknesses although remain, for example nurses have reported of a negative impact due to the absence of knowledge about research on their own utilization operations. To resolve this knowledge of basic research should be known and also the knowledge regarding the subject and concepts of the model being used in the study should be clear including knowledge about the usage of raw data/ statistical analysis results for individual application. To conclude the model makes use of findings in research to clinical nursing practices, a recommendation change practice on the basis of research which can both be organizational and clinical by nature and for nurses who are more experienced, they have an important role in the traditional research process (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2015). Advanced practice nurses who are suited as leaders are required because they can handle multiple task at the same time . It is advantageous for them to apply a traditional research utility model in their operation.. References B, H. (2015).Advanced practice nurses' application of the Stetler model for research utilization: improving bereavement care. - PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8047471 CB, S. (2015).Updating the Stetler Model of research utilization to facilitate evidence-based practice. - PubMed - NCBI.https://www.americannursetoday.com/assets/0/434/436/440/5120/5122/5136/5142/73b32c8a-b00a-42ee-8ac5-638619fe8752.pdf. Retrieved 24 June 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11753294 Implementing Evidence-Based Nursing Practice : An Overview. (2015). Retrieved 24 June 2015, from https://samples.jbpub.com/9780763780586/80586_CH05_Keele.pdf Libguides.hsl.washington.edu,. (2015).Home - Basic Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice Resources - HSL Guides at University of Washington Health Sciences Library. Retrieved 24 June 2015, from https://libguides.hsl.washington.edu/ebpintro Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov,. (2015).National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 24 June 2015, from https://Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Nursingworld.org,. (2015).The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas. Retrieved 24 June 2015, from https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-18-2013/No2-May-2013/Impact-of-Evidence-Based-Practice.html